Apparatus for reproducing literary and pictorial matter



Nov. 15, 1932. s. TIPEcsKA E1' AL APPARATUS FORI REPRODUGING LITERARY AND PIG'IORIAL MATTER l l l f a Nov. 15, '1932.' 6. 'rmt-:CSKA E1' Al. l1,388,054'

APPARATUS FOR REPRODUCING LITERARY AND P-ICTORIAL/"MA'TTER l Fi1ed"JuneI -20. 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet. 2

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1 @www y Nov. 15, 1932.

G. TlPEcsKA ET AL APPARATUS FOR REPRODUGING LITERARY AND P ICTORIAL MATTER Filed June 2o, 195o Fig .Zi

5 -Sheets-Sheet 3 Gza Tipecska. Ludw: g Mach INVENToRs duif Attorney.

Nov. 15, 1932. s. TlPEcsKA ET AL. 358335054 v APPARATUS FOR REPnoD'UoxNG LITERARY AND PIcToRrAL MATTER Filed June 20. 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 A A@ lI---Ill Gza Ti pecka Ludwlg MLch.

INVENTORS PatentedNov. 15, 1932 l UNITED ISTATES PATENT- oFFicE GiizA Tirncsxa am: LUDWIG MACH, oF MUNICH, GERMANY :Arrana'rusroa' REPRODUGING LITERARY Nn rrcronux. MATTE:

'Application filed June 20, 1930, 'SerialA No. 462,518, andin Germany July l, 1925.

The :object of the invention is'to provide means whereby literary and pictorial works,

however extensive, can be rendered available to the public in a more convenient and per- ,5 manent'for'm than is possible by the distribution of books in which they are published,

For the purposes of our invention only a single specimen of the work need be available, say in the form of a book. Assuming 1 it tobe a book, the pages thereof are reproduced by microphotography side-by side on a photographic plate or sheet, and this plate is placed in an official projection apparatus, in which it is adjusted so that the beams of rays pass through dierent portions thereof in succession, so that enlarged and legible images of the pages, or of groups of pages, are projected. The matter in a printed book graphed quite conveniently on a photographic plate, or perhaps two plates, of modtion apparatus required is simple and not expensive.

photographically reducing objects of comparatively 'minute detail, such as a printed page, the effects of aberration and refraction would become serious, unless suitable precautions were taken, where, for example, a page cin. wide is reduced to a width of 1 mm., but there'is no substantial difficulty in this respect if"suitably corrected objectives 85 are used, with monochromatic light and carefully prepared sensitized coatings. If a literary work to be reproduced is not available in print it may betypewritten, with good, clear type, on one side of the page only, the sheets being numbered consecutively and attached to a sheet-holder, in sets, for photographing.

invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

Figs. 1 to 3 represent apparatus for producing photographic negatives of a number ofvsheets'on a plate, with reduction of size.

Fig. v1 is a -vertical section, taken in the w plane of the axis of the objective.

Fig. 2 a sectional plan view, and

of several hundred pages may be photoerate size, say 10X15 cm., and the projec- It may be mentioned in general, that in Examples of apparatus according to the Fig. 3 a vertical cross-section.

Fig. 4a shows a sheet holder with a group of four sheets attached thereto, and j Fig. 4b diagrammatically illustrates the manner of attaching nine sheets to the rholder. l

Figs. 5 to 9 represent apparatus for producing positives from the negatives, with urther. reduction of size, A

Fig, 5 is a vertical section of the camera, C talen in the plane of the axis of the objective, an v Fig. 6 is a horizontal section;

Fig. 7 is a section, showing in elevation the adjustable holder for the plate on which @5 the positives are produced, and

Fig. 8 is a section, showing in elevation the holder for the negative, with mechanism for adjusting it.

Fig. 9 shows a detail of the mechanism, 70.

partly in section, to a larger scale.

Fig. 10 diagrammatically represents a. finished plate with 600 microphotographs of the page of a GOO-page book, and

Fig. 11 diagrammatically represents a 75 screen with one of the pages optically projected on the same, much enlarged.

Figs. 12 to 17 represent the relevant parts of the optical projection apparatus,

Fig. 12 is a plan* view of the adjustable 8 holderlfor theplate,

nFig.' 13 a section' on the line A-B of Fig. 12, f

Fig. 1.4 a section on the line C-D of Fig. 12, j Fig. 15 a section on the line E-F of Fig.

12, on an enlarged scale, and

Fig. 16 a section on the line G-H of Fig. 12, also enlarged.

Fig. 16a shows a mechanism, and

Fig. 17 is a partial section of Fig. 12 on the line A--J. f

Referrin first to Figs. -1 to 3, in conjunction with igs. '4a and 4b, a photographic 95 camera 1 is fixed to a board, on which is a. bracket 2 for supporting a sheet holder 3 facing the objective 4. To the sheet Aholder 3 are attached the sheets to be4 photographed; Fig.'4a shows the screen with four sheets at- 10 detail ofthe adjusting 9 zonta tached thereto, and Fig. 4b illustrates th-e manner in which nine sheets may be attached. The photographic plate 5 in the camera is placed behind a mask or screen 6, its holder 9 being a slide having racks engaged with pinions 10 on a spindle, which can be rotated by turnin a button 8, for adjusting the plate horizonta ly with great precision. Vertical adjustment of the plate is effected by turning a button 7 fixed to a spindle, which by means of worm gears 11 rotates two screw spindles 12 engaged with a vertically movable slide carrying the holder 9. The purpose of the mask 6 is to exclude stray light rays, and the photographic plate is so adjusted behind the opening in the mask 6, that the set of sheets on the sheet holder is photo lected art of the plate. l hen one set of sheets has been photogra hed another set is attached to the sheet hol er, and the photographic plate is adjusted so that the fresh Set is photographed in direct contiguity to the first photograph, and so on till the whole available surface of the plate has been used.

Inthis way a negative of a large number of printed sheets or pictures is obtained on a photographic plate of glass, and from this a posltive of reduced size 'is obtained by means of the reducing camera 14 shown in Figs. 5 to 9, to which the negative 5 is transferred.

In this reducing camera 14, which is dustproof and light-tlght exceptto rays from a monochromatic source of light 15, there is a photographic plate 13. The negative 5 is fixed to an adjustable holder 22, and adjusted so that each section thereof in turn faces the source of light, from which a beam passes to the plate 13 through a condenser 16,` fine dispersing screen 17, plate 5, objective lens 19 and mask 18. By this means sharply defined, reduced positives of the several sets of sheets are produced on the plate 13. The holder 22 of the negative 5 consists of two slides, one movable transversely of the other, these slides -being moved, respectively by turning two buttons 20 21. The holder 22 is coupled with the holder 23 of the plate 13 by means of a double armed lever 24 having a fulcrum 25, for universal movement, vertically below the optical centre of the objective 19, the said lever having 'at its ends spherical knobs 26, which engage into cylindrical sockets 27 (Fig. 9) with which the photographic plate holders are provided for that pur ose. The negative 5 is moved horily y turning the button 20, and verticall, by turning the button 21, 'and by virtue o the levers 24 the plate 13 moves 1n the o posite direction through smaller distances, t e movements being proportional to the len ths of the lever arms.

he reducing camera produces by the method described, a photograph such as is .I diagrammatically represented in Fig. 10, the

aphed on a sesame being a glass plate having upon it microscopic pictures of the sets of sheets or' with reference to a system of co-ordinates 29 :1e-y parallel with two adjacent sides of the plate2 the zero point being at one corner and defining the position of the first picture in the'series. The plate has ya frame 30, and at one edge thereof, opposite the several rows of pictures, the page numbers are inscribed, so that the approximate position of any page can easily and quickly be Iascertained by reference to these numbers. The title, authors name, and table of contents may be inscribed on other parts of the frame.

For reading the text which forms the pictures the projecting apparatus shown in Figs. l2 to 17 1s used, the same projecting on to a semi-transparent screen 32 (Fig. 11) an enlarged image of each picture so that it can be read with the naked eye, or sets of pictures may be so projected.

In the projecting apparatus the plate 28 is placed in a holder consisting of two slides 36, 37, the slide 37 being movable on the slide 36, transversely of the direction of movement of the latter. Springs 39- hold the screen against 'an abutment 40 on the slide 37. The movement of this slide on the slide 36 is parallel with the ordinate y. The slide 36 moves on anti-friction balls 35 in grooves of V-section in fixed rails 34, and a coiled spring 42 urges it in the direction indicated by the arrow 42a in Fig. 12. A key lever S38 carries 'a double pawl 47 engaging a rack 43, and can be ldepressed against the action of a spring 48, each depression, followed by return movement under the spring action causing the slide 36 to make a movement equal to the width of one of the microscopic pictures, so that a fresh picture is placed in the path of the projecting beam. The action is analogous to that which takes place in a typewriter, where the carriage makes 'a movement equal to the spacing of a letter when a letter key is depressed.

When the plctures in one row have been exhibited by projection the slide 37 is moved in the direction y for lacing another row in position. This may e done by hand, by turning a wheel 41, which is fixed to a spindle mounted in the slide 37, with a pinion 44 engaging a rack fixed to the slide 37. 0n the spindle is an indexed barrel 49, with the page numbers of the pictures which are placed 1n position by turnmg the button.

The slide 37 may, however be moved by spring power, instead of by hand. For this purpose there is a key lever Z38 with two teeth 50 engaging an internally toothed ratchet wheel 51. The wheel 41 and barrel 49, together with a sleeve 52, constitute an aggregate which is rotatable as a whole, with friction, for accurate adjustment relatively to the spindle, and is thrust by a spring 53 against the slide 36. The ratchet whee 51 is connected to a spring 54 in the barrel 49.

s A scale 45 is xed to one of the rails 34, and a scale 46 is fixed to the slide 37, and these scales give a rough indication o f the portion of the photograph, that is to say the photographed age or pages, in position for o being projected.)

i To protect the microscopic photographs on the plate 28 a glass cover is cemented to this plate, so that with care it will remain serviceable for an indefinite period. i

5 What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is :-v Y

An optical projection apparatus for projecting enlarged imagesl of microphoto- 0 graphic matter located on a plate with reference to a system of co-ordinates, comprising the combination of means for projecting a beam of light,a photographic plate holder, manually operable means for moving the 5 plate holder in one direction of the co-ordinate system,'mechanically operable means for moving the plate holder in the same direction, means for effecting automatic movement of the plate holder in the other direction of u the co-ordinate system, key controlled means for controllingl movement of the plate holder through predetermined distances in said last mentioned direction, and a graduated scale for each direction of movement for approxi- 5 mately setting any particular part of the plate in position for projection.

LUDWIG MACH.4 GEzA TIPECSKA. 

